SalonCompass

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Third trimester (week 28 to birth) — beauty treatment safety

Also called third trimester, 3rd trimester, late pregnancy, weeks 28 to birth, nearly due, heavily pregnant.

In short

On this page, Third trimester (week 28 to birth) is checked against 88 treatments: 1 actively helps, 15 are safe, 26 need caution, 39 are ones to avoid and 7 are not yet reviewed. The tightest restrictions are in Facials and Body Treatments, while 1 treatment actively helps.

Most oftenAvoid

What actively helps

These are not simply allowed — they are recommended for this condition by the sources we cite.

  • Prenatal / Pregnancy Massage

    Prenatal massage is actively recommended from the second trimester onwards for stress, swelling, back and hip pain, and sleep quality. What makes it safe is the training and the positioning: your therapist should be certified in pregnancy massage and should work with you side-lying or semi-reclined, never flat on your back after week 20, because of vena cava compression. A general massage therapist without prenatal training should refer you to a colleague who has it.

    Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

Every treatment, checked

Facials

25 treatments · 1 safe · 12 caution · 11 to avoid · 1 under review
Facials — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
CautionAHA Peel (Glycolic / Lactic / Mandelic)Also: glycolic peel, lactic peel, mandelic peel, alpha hydroxy peel, light chemical peel
Why, and the source — AHA Peel (Glycolic / Lactic / Mandelic)

Light alpha-hydroxy acid peels — glycolic, lactic and mandelic — are the peels with a long safety record in pregnancy, and lactic acid peels are sometimes prescribed for pregnancy acne. That record is for lower strengths, up to about 30%, so ask for a gentler concentration than you would normally have and tell your therapist you are pregnant. Pregnancy hormones also spike the risk of melasma, which makes reactive skin worth taking seriously.

Sources: American Academy of DermatologyMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS Wales

AvoidBHA Peel (Salicylic)Also: salicylic peel, beta hydroxy peel, acne peel
Why, and the source — BHA Peel (Salicylic)

TCA, phenol and Jessner's peels penetrate deeply and have documented systemic absorption — a measurable amount reaches your bloodstream. Salicylic acid at peel strength is in the same drug class as aspirin, which is contraindicated in pregnancy at therapeutic doses.

Sources: American Academy of DermatologyMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS Wales

AvoidCarbon Laser FacialAlso: Hollywood peel, China doll peel, carbon peel
Why, and the source — Carbon Laser Facial

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

CautionClassic FacialAlso: European facial, deep cleansing facial, traditional facial
Why, and the source — Classic Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionCryo FacialAlso: ice facial, cold therapy facial, frotox
Why, and the source — Cryo Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionDermaplaningAlso: blade exfoliation, facial shaving, peach fuzz removal
Why, and the source — Dermaplaning

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

SafeEnzyme PeelAlso: fruit enzyme peel, papain peel, bromelain peel
Why, and the source — Enzyme Peel

Enzyme peels are the one peel the guidance places squarely in the safe column during pregnancy and while you are breastfeeding. If you want some resurfacing in your facial, this is the one to ask for.

Sources: American Academy of DermatologyMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS Wales

CautionExpress FacialAlso: mini facial, 30-minute facial, lunchtime facial
Why, and the source — Express Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionGalvanic FacialAlso: iontophoresis, desincrustation, galvanic current
Why, and the source — Galvanic Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidHIFU (Ultherapy)Also: Ultherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, non-surgical lifting, ultrasound lifting
Why, and the source — HIFU (Ultherapy)

Every one of these devices — HIFU, radiofrequency, CoolSculpting, EMSculpt, ultrasonic cavitation — lists pregnancy as an absolute contraindication in its own manufacturer instructions. The energy reaches deep tissues, and no safety data exists for exposure during pregnancy. The contraindications here are explicit and universal.

Sources: BTL AestheticsMDPI (peer-reviewed)Solta Medical / Allergan AestheticsUlthera / Merz Aesthetics

CautionHigh-Frequency FacialAlso: high-frequency wand, violet ray treatment
Why, and the source — High-Frequency Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionHydraFacialAlso: hydradermabrasion, hydra facial, aqua facial
Why, and the source — HydraFacial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidJessner's PeelAlso: combination peel, modified Jessner
Why, and the source — Jessner's Peel

TCA, phenol and Jessner's peels penetrate deeply and have documented systemic absorption — a measurable amount reaches your bloodstream. Salicylic acid at peel strength is in the same drug class as aspirin, which is contraindicated in pregnancy at therapeutic doses.

Sources: American Academy of DermatologyMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS Wales

AvoidMesotherapy (Facial)Also: meso facial, vitamin injections, skin booster injections (face)
Why, and the source — Mesotherapy (Facial)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

CautionMicrocurrent FacialAlso: NuFace, non-surgical facelift, facial toning
Why, and the source — Microcurrent Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionMicrodermabrasionAlso: crystal microdermabrasion, diamond microdermabrasion, MDA
Why, and the source — Microdermabrasion

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidMicroneedlingAlso: dermapen, dermaroller, collagen induction therapy, CIT, skin needling
Why, and the source — Microneedling

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

CautionOxygen FacialAlso: Intraceuticals, oxygen infusion facial
Why, and the source — Oxygen Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidPhenol Peel (Deep)Also: deep chemical peel, Baker-Gordon peel
Why, and the source — Phenol Peel (Deep)

TCA, phenol and Jessner's peels penetrate deeply and have documented systemic absorption — a measurable amount reaches your bloodstream. Salicylic acid at peel strength is in the same drug class as aspirin, which is contraindicated in pregnancy at therapeutic doses.

Sources: American Academy of DermatologyMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS Wales

AvoidPRP Facial (Vampire Facial)Also: platelet-rich plasma facial, vampire facial, blood facial
Why, and the source — PRP Facial (Vampire Facial)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidRadiofrequency (RF) FacialAlso: Thermage, Venus Freeze (face), skin tightening RF
Why, and the source — Radiofrequency (RF) Facial

Every one of these devices — HIFU, radiofrequency, CoolSculpting, EMSculpt, ultrasonic cavitation — lists pregnancy as an absolute contraindication in its own manufacturer instructions. The energy reaches deep tissues, and no safety data exists for exposure during pregnancy. The contraindications here are explicit and universal.

Sources: BTL AestheticsMDPI (peer-reviewed)Solta Medical / Allergan AestheticsUlthera / Merz Aesthetics

AvoidRF MicroneedlingAlso: Morpheus8, Profound, Vivace, Genius RF, radio frequency microneedling
Why, and the source — RF Microneedling

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidTCA Peel (Medium)Also: trichloroacetic acid peel, medium depth peel
Why, and the source — TCA Peel (Medium)

TCA, phenol and Jessner's peels penetrate deeply and have documented systemic absorption — a measurable amount reaches your bloodstream. Salicylic acid at peel strength is in the same drug class as aspirin, which is contraindicated in pregnancy at therapeutic doses.

Sources: American Academy of DermatologyMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS Wales

CautionUltrasound FacialAlso: ultrasonic facial, cavitation peel
Why, and the source — Ultrasound Facial

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

Under reviewLED Light TherapyAlso: red light therapy, blue light therapy, yellow light therapy, LED facial

We have a draft answer for this, but we are still checking it against a source we trust. We would rather show you nothing than something we cannot stand behind. Ask your practitioner and your own doctor before you book.

Injectables

11 treatments · all 11 to avoid
Injectables — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
AvoidBiostimulators (Sculptra, Radiesse, Ellanse)Also: Sculptra, Radiesse, Ellanse, collagen stimulators, PLLA, calcium hydroxylapatite
Why, and the source — Biostimulators (Sculptra, Radiesse, Ellanse)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidBotox / NeurotoxinAlso: botulinum toxin, Dysport, Xeomin, Azzalure, Bocouture, anti-wrinkle injections, wrinkle relaxers, tox
Why, and the source — Botox / Neurotoxin

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidCheek FillersAlso: midface filler, cheek augmentation, Voluma
Why, and the source — Cheek Fillers

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidDermal Fillers (General)Also: hyaluronic acid fillers, HA fillers, Juvederm, Restylane, Belotero
Why, and the source — Dermal Fillers (General)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidFat-Dissolving InjectionsAlso: Aqualyx, Kybella, deoxycholic acid, lipolysis injections
Why, and the source — Fat-Dissolving Injections

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidLip FillersAlso: lip augmentation, lip enhancement, lip injections
Why, and the source — Lip Fillers

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidMesotherapy (Body)Also: body meso, fat-loss mesotherapy, cellulite mesotherapy
Why, and the source — Mesotherapy (Body)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidPDO Thread LiftAlso: thread lift, PDO threads, PLLA threads, Silhouette Soft, non-surgical thread lift
Why, and the source — PDO Thread Lift

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidPolynucleotidesAlso: Plinest, Newest, PN injection, salmon DNA injection
Why, and the source — Polynucleotides

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidSkin Boosters (Profhilo, Restylane Skinbooster)Also: Profhilo, Restylane Vital, Restylane Skinbooster, hydration injections
Why, and the source — Skin Boosters (Profhilo, Restylane Skinbooster)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidTear Trough FillersAlso: under-eye filler, under-eye treatment
Why, and the source — Tear Trough Fillers

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

Laser & Light

7 treatments · all 7 to avoid
Laser & Light — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
AvoidFractional Ablative LaserAlso: CO2 laser, Erbium laser, ablative resurfacing
Why, and the source — Fractional Ablative Laser

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

Avoid · body-areas-cautionFractional Non-Ablative LaserAlso: Fraxel, Clear + Brilliant, non-ablative resurfacing
Why, and the source — Fractional Non-Ablative Laser

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy. On body areas this is a caution rather than an avoid: body lasers such as leg hair removal carry less concern, but still no proven safety.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

Avoid · body-areas-cautionIPL (Intense Pulsed Light)Also: intense pulsed light, photofacial, fotofacial, IPL photorejuvenation
Why, and the source — IPL (Intense Pulsed Light)

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy. On body areas this is a caution rather than an avoid: body lasers such as leg hair removal carry less concern, but still no proven safety.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

Avoid · body-areas-cautionLaser Hair RemovalAlso: LHR, diode laser, Alexandrite laser, Nd:YAG laser, permanent hair reduction
Why, and the source — Laser Hair Removal

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy. On body areas this is a caution rather than an avoid: body lasers such as leg hair removal carry less concern, but still no proven safety.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

Avoid · body-areas-cautionPhotodynamic Therapy (PDT)Also: PDT, blue light + ALA therapy, Levulan therapy
Why, and the source — Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy. On body areas this is a caution rather than an avoid: body lasers such as leg hair removal carry less concern, but still no proven safety.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

Avoid · body-areas-cautionPigment Laser (Q-Switched / Pico)Also: Q-switched laser, Pico laser, PicoSure, PicoWay, tattoo removal laser
Why, and the source — Pigment Laser (Q-Switched / Pico)

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy. On body areas this is a caution rather than an avoid: body lasers such as leg hair removal carry less concern, but still no proven safety.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

Avoid · body-areas-cautionVascular LaserAlso: V-Beam, KTP laser, pulsed dye laser, broken capillaries laser
Why, and the source — Vascular Laser

Laser and IPL on the face are avoided during pregnancy for two reasons. Pregnancy hormones already trigger melasma in many women, and light energy can deepen that pigmentation unpredictably. And systemic safety data is absent — there are no human trials, because no one runs them on pregnant women. Pregnancy melasma is best managed with sun protection and gentle camouflage for now, and treated after pregnancy. On body areas this is a caution rather than an avoid: body lasers such as leg hair removal carry less concern, but still no proven safety.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationDermatologic SurgeryMDPI (peer-reviewed)

Body Treatments

15 treatments · 1 actively helps · 10 caution · 4 to avoid
Body Treatments — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
CautionAromatherapy MassageAlso: essential oil massage
Why, and the source — Aromatherapy Massage

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionBody PeelAlso: chemical body peel, back peel, body acid treatment
Why, and the source — Body Peel

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionBody ScrubAlso: body exfoliation, salt scrub, sugar scrub, body polish
Why, and the source — Body Scrub

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionBody WrapsAlso: algae wrap, mud wrap, paraffin wrap, seaweed wrap, detox wrap
Why, and the source — Body Wraps

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidCryolipolysis (CoolSculpting)Also: CoolSculpting, fat freezing, cool sculpting, Zeltiq
Why, and the source — Cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting)

Every one of these devices — HIFU, radiofrequency, CoolSculpting, EMSculpt, ultrasonic cavitation — lists pregnancy as an absolute contraindication in its own manufacturer instructions. The energy reaches deep tissues, and no safety data exists for exposure during pregnancy. The contraindications here are explicit and universal.

Sources: BTL AestheticsMDPI (peer-reviewed)Solta Medical / Allergan AestheticsUlthera / Merz Aesthetics

CautionDeep Tissue MassageAlso: sports massage, remedial massage, firm pressure massage
Why, and the source — Deep Tissue Massage

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidEMSculpt / EMS Body TreatmentsAlso: EMSculpt, Emsella, electromagnetic muscle stimulation, HIFEM
Why, and the source — EMSculpt / EMS Body Treatments

Every one of these devices — HIFU, radiofrequency, CoolSculpting, EMSculpt, ultrasonic cavitation — lists pregnancy as an absolute contraindication in its own manufacturer instructions. The energy reaches deep tissues, and no safety data exists for exposure during pregnancy. The contraindications here are explicit and universal.

Sources: BTL AestheticsMDPI (peer-reviewed)Solta Medical / Allergan AestheticsUlthera / Merz Aesthetics

CautionEndermologieAlso: LPG, mechanical roller massage, endermology, cellulite massage
Why, and the source — Endermologie

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionHot Stone MassageAlso: stone therapy, geothermal massage
Why, and the source — Hot Stone Massage

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionLymphatic Drainage MassageAlso: MLD, manual lymphatic drainage, Vodder technique
Why, and the source — Lymphatic Drainage Massage

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

Actively helpsPrenatal / Pregnancy MassageAlso: pregnancy massage, maternity massage
Why, and the source — Prenatal / Pregnancy Massage

Prenatal massage is actively recommended from the second trimester onwards for stress, swelling, back and hip pain, and sleep quality. What makes it safe is the training and the positioning: your therapist should be certified in pregnancy massage and should work with you side-lying or semi-reclined, never flat on your back after week 20, because of vena cava compression. A general massage therapist without prenatal training should refer you to a colleague who has it.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionPressotherapyAlso: compression boots, Ballancer, lymphatic pressotherapy
Why, and the source — Pressotherapy

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidRadiofrequency Body TreatmentsAlso: Venus Legacy, Exilis, body RF, skin tightening RF (body)
Why, and the source — Radiofrequency Body Treatments

Every one of these devices — HIFU, radiofrequency, CoolSculpting, EMSculpt, ultrasonic cavitation — lists pregnancy as an absolute contraindication in its own manufacturer instructions. The energy reaches deep tissues, and no safety data exists for exposure during pregnancy. The contraindications here are explicit and universal.

Sources: BTL AestheticsMDPI (peer-reviewed)Solta Medical / Allergan AestheticsUlthera / Merz Aesthetics

CautionSwedish MassageAlso: classic massage, relaxation massage, full-body massage
Why, and the source — Swedish Massage

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

AvoidUltrasonic CavitationAlso: body cavitation, ultrasonic fat reduction, cavi-lipo
Why, and the source — Ultrasonic Cavitation

Every one of these devices — HIFU, radiofrequency, CoolSculpting, EMSculpt, ultrasonic cavitation — lists pregnancy as an absolute contraindication in its own manufacturer instructions. The energy reaches deep tissues, and no safety data exists for exposure during pregnancy. The contraindications here are explicit and universal.

Sources: BTL AestheticsMDPI (peer-reviewed)Solta Medical / Allergan AestheticsUlthera / Merz Aesthetics

Hair Removal

6 treatments · 4 safe · 1 under review · 1 not yet reviewed
Hair Removal — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
SafeHot WaxAlso: hard wax, Brazilian wax, hot wax depilation
Why, and the source — Hot Wax

Waxing, sugaring and threading remove hair mechanically. Nothing enters your bloodstream and nothing affects your baby, so they are safe throughout pregnancy and while you are breastfeeding. The one consideration is skin sensitivity: pregnancy hormones can leave your skin more sensitive, redder and easier to bruise, so tell your therapist you are pregnant. A Brazilian wax in the third trimester is awkward positionally, but not medically contraindicated.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationNHS

SafeStrip Wax (Soft Wax)Also: soft wax, strip waxing, honey wax
Why, and the source — Strip Wax (Soft Wax)

Waxing, sugaring and threading remove hair mechanically. Nothing enters your bloodstream and nothing affects your baby, so they are safe throughout pregnancy and while you are breastfeeding. The one consideration is skin sensitivity: pregnancy hormones can leave your skin more sensitive, redder and easier to bruise, so tell your therapist you are pregnant. A Brazilian wax in the third trimester is awkward positionally, but not medically contraindicated.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationNHS

SafeSugaringAlso: sugar paste depilation, Egyptian sugaring, Persian sugaring
Why, and the source — Sugaring

Waxing, sugaring and threading remove hair mechanically. Nothing enters your bloodstream and nothing affects your baby, so they are safe throughout pregnancy and while you are breastfeeding. The one consideration is skin sensitivity: pregnancy hormones can leave your skin more sensitive, redder and easier to bruise, so tell your therapist you are pregnant. A Brazilian wax in the third trimester is awkward positionally, but not medically contraindicated.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationNHS

SafeThreadingAlso: eyebrow threading, facial threading, khite
Why, and the source — Threading

Waxing, sugaring and threading remove hair mechanically. Nothing enters your bloodstream and nothing affects your baby, so they are safe throughout pregnancy and while you are breastfeeding. The one consideration is skin sensitivity: pregnancy hormones can leave your skin more sensitive, redder and easier to bruise, so tell your therapist you are pregnant. A Brazilian wax in the third trimester is awkward positionally, but not medically contraindicated.

Sources: American Pregnancy AssociationNHS

Not yet reviewedDepilatory CreamAlso: chemical hair removal, hair removal cream, Veet, Nair

We have not found a source we trust for this combination yet. Rather than guess, we leave it blank. Ask your practitioner and your own doctor before you book.

Under reviewElectrolysisAlso: needle electrolysis, permanent hair removal, galvanic electrolysis

We have a draft answer for this, but we are still checking it against a source we trust. We would rather show you nothing than something we cannot stand behind. Ask your practitioner and your own doctor before you book.

Nails

10 treatments · all 10 safe
Nails — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
SafeAcrylic NailsAlso: liquid and powder nails, L&P nails, sculpted acrylics
Why, and the source — Acrylic Nails

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafeBuilder Gel / BIABAlso: BIAB, builder in a bottle, hard gel, structure gel
Why, and the source — Builder Gel / BIAB

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafeClassic ManicureAlso: regular manicure, traditional manicure, polish manicure
Why, and the source — Classic Manicure

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafeClassic PedicureAlso: regular pedicure, spa pedicure
Why, and the source — Classic Pedicure

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafeGel ManicureAlso: Shellac, gel polish, soak-off gel, CND Shellac
Why, and the source — Gel Manicure

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafeGel PedicureAlso: Shellac pedicure, gel polish pedicure
Why, and the source — Gel Pedicure

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafeMedical PedicureAlso: med pedi, podiatry pedicure, Margaret Dabbs pedicure
Why, and the source — Medical Pedicure

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafeNail Strengthening TreatmentsAlso: IBX, nail repair treatment, nail bond treatment
Why, and the source — Nail Strengthening Treatments

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafePolygel NailsAlso: poly gel, gel-acrylic hybrid
Why, and the source — Polygel Nails

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

SafePress-On NailsAlso: adhesive nails, stick-on nails, nail tips
Why, and the source — Press-On Nails

Manicures and pedicures are safe throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding, gel included — UV/LED nail lamp exposure is tiny and localised to your hands or feet. Two things are worth getting right. Ask for good ventilation, because fumes from acrylic products and standard polish are the real concern. And choose a '3-free' or '10-free' polish, which leaves out formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene and camphor. Pedicures are particularly welcome in the third trimester, when reaching your own feet becomes difficult.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHS

Lashes & Brows

8 treatments · 4 caution · 4 not yet reviewed
Lashes & Brows — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
CautionClassic Lash ExtensionsAlso: individual lashes, 1:1 lash extensions
Why, and the source — Classic Lash Extensions

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionHybrid Lash ExtensionsAlso: mixed lash extensions
Why, and the source — Hybrid Lash Extensions

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionLash LiftAlso: lash perm, keratin lash lift
Why, and the source — Lash Lift

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

CautionVolume Lash ExtensionsAlso: Russian volume, fan lashes, 2D-6D lashes
Why, and the source — Volume Lash Extensions

From week 28 the issue with this kind of appointment is the position, not the treatment. You cannot lie flat, because of vena cava compression, so ask before you book whether you can be treated semi-reclined or side-lying. Swelling and stretching skin also make a long appointment less comfortable than it used to be.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsMDPI (peer-reviewed)NHS

Not yet reviewedBrow LaminationAlso: brow perm, brow sculpting

We have not found a source we trust for this combination yet. Rather than guess, we leave it blank. Ask your practitioner and your own doctor before you book.

Not yet reviewedBrow TintAlso: eyebrow tinting, brow dye

We have not found a source we trust for this combination yet. Rather than guess, we leave it blank. Ask your practitioner and your own doctor before you book.

Not yet reviewedHenna BrowsAlso: henna brow tinting

We have not found a source we trust for this combination yet. Rather than guess, we leave it blank. Ask your practitioner and your own doctor before you book.

Not yet reviewedLash TintAlso: eyelash tinting, lash dye

We have not found a source we trust for this combination yet. Rather than guess, we leave it blank. Ask your practitioner and your own doctor before you book.

Permanent Makeup (PMU)

6 treatments · all 6 to avoid
Permanent Makeup (PMU) — Third trimester (week 28 to birth)
What we foundTreatment
AvoidAreola TattooAlso: 3D nipple tattoo, post-mastectomy tattoo
Why, and the source — Areola Tattoo

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidEyeliner TattooAlso: permanent eyeliner, lash line enhancement, lash line tattoo
Why, and the source — Eyeliner Tattoo

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidLip Blush / Lip TattooAlso: lip tint tattoo, permanent lip colour, aquarelle lips
Why, and the source — Lip Blush / Lip Tattoo

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidMicroblading (Eyebrows)Also: eyebrow embroidery, feather brows, hair-stroke brows
Why, and the source — Microblading (Eyebrows)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidPowder Brows / Ombré BrowsAlso: machine brows, ombre brows, shading brows
Why, and the source — Powder Brows / Ombré Brows

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

AvoidScalp Micropigmentation (SMP)Also: SMP, hair tattoo, scalp tattoo
Why, and the source — Scalp Micropigmentation (SMP)

No controlled human safety data exists — trials in pregnancy are ethically impossible, so the studies that would answer this question will never be run. Manufacturers' prescribing information and all major bodies, including the NHS, ACOG and the EMA, advise against elective cosmetic injectables in pregnancy. Most aesthetic clinics in the UK will decline to treat you regardless.

Sources: American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsNHSPregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)US Food and Drug Administration

Sources

  1. American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsPregnancy massage indications
  2. MDPI (peer-reviewed)The Risk of Using Cosmetics and Cosmetic Procedures During Pregnancy
  3. NHSPregnancy wellbeing and physical activity resources
  4. BTL AestheticsEMSculpt instructions for use — pregnancy contraindication
  5. Solta Medical / Allergan AestheticsCoolSculpting instructions for use — pregnancy contraindication
  6. Ulthera / Merz AestheticsUltherapy instructions for use — pregnancy contraindication
  7. American Academy of DermatologyPregnancy and skin care
  8. NHS WalesAromatherapy and skincare in maternity care
  9. American Pregnancy AssociationHair removal and pregnancy
  10. Dermatologic SurgeryUtilization of Laser Therapy During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Maternal and Fetal Effects Reported From 1960 to 2017
  11. American College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsSkin conditions during pregnancy
  12. NHSPregnancy skincare guidance
  13. Pregnancy, Birth and Baby (Australian Government)Cosmetic procedures and beauty treatments during pregnancy and breastfeeding
  14. US Food and Drug AdministrationPregnancy and Lactation Labeling (Drugs) Final Rule

Written by · London-trained cosmetologist

Last updated